Exploring the Synergistic Influences of Clay Nanoplatelets and Waste Eggshell Particles on PMMA-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of incorporating clay nanoplatelets and waste eggshell particles into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to develop hybrid nanocomposites with improved mechanical and structural properties. Waste eggshells, rich in biogenic calcium carbonate, were utilized as a sustainable, low-cost filler, while clay nanoplatelets provided nanoscale reinforcement and improved interfacial bonding. Hybrid nanocomposites were prepared with 5 wt. % of filler contents using the solution casting method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the dispersion and morphology of the fillers within the structure of the PMMA matrix. At the same time, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to assess the powder chemical interactions and potential bonding between the fillers (clay nanoplatelets and eggshell particles). Mechanical behavior was also evaluated through tensile testing of PMMA and its produced hybrid nanocomposites. The results indicate a synergistic enhancement due to the combination of organic biowaste and inorganic nanoclay, offering a promising route for the development of sustainable, high-performance polymer nanocomposites.