Abstract
In this study, the radiant cooling panel with wave-type pattern pipes is analyzed and optimized through Taguchi’s design of experiments methods and grey relation method for better performance. Radiant cooling panel’s bottom surface temperature and temperature non-uniformity index are considered as the quality objective functions. Control parameters such as pipe length, the spacing between the pipes, radiant panel thickness, pipe bent radius, pipe diameter, insulation layer thickness, pipe material, panel material, insulation material, and mass flow rate of water entering the pipe are included as the control parameters of the optimization study. The performance of radiant cooling panels is analyzed through numerical simulation technique- computation fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The numerical simulation is carried out in the Fluent software, and the CFD code is checked for grid independence and validation. Through single and multi-objective optimization, the best design of the radiant cooling panel is identified, and a confirmation test is also conducted. Finally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculation is made and it is found that the mass flow rate of water entering the pipe is the most influencing parameter on the performance of the radiant cooling panel.Keywords:
radiant cooling panel, optimization, computational fluid dynamics, ANOVAReferences
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23. Lim J.H., Jo J.H., Kim Y.Y., Yeo M.S., Kim K.W.: Application of the control methods for radiant floor cooling system in residential buildings, Building and Environment, 41(1): 60–73, 2006,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.019
24. Yuan Y L., Zhou X., Zhang X., Experimental study of heat performance on ceiling radiant cooling panel, Procedia Engineering, 121: 2176–2183, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.090
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26. Myhren J.A., Holmberg S., Flow patterns and thermal comfort in a room with panel, floor and wall heating, Energy and Buildings, 40(4): 524–536, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.04.011
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29. Dongxia Y., Xiaoyan L., Dingyong H., Zuoren N., Hui H.: Optimization of weld bead geometry in laser welding with filler wire process using Taguchi’s approach, Optics & Laser Technology, 44(7): 2020–2025, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.03.033
29. Schellen L., Timmers S., Loomans M., Nelissen E., Hensen J.L.M., van Marken Lichtenbelt W., Downdraught assessment during design: Experimental and numerical evaluation of a rule of thumb, Building and Environment, 57: 290–301, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.04.011
30. Taguchi G., Introduction to quality engineering, Asian Productivity Organization APO, Tokyo, Japan, 1990.
31. Manivel D., Gandhinathan R.,Optimization of surface roughness and tool wear in hard turning of austempered ductile iron (grade 3) using Taguchi method, Measurement, 93: 108–116, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.06.055
32. Koksal S., Ficici F., Kayikci., Savas O., Experimental optimization of dry sliding wear behavior of in situ AlB2/Al composite based on Taguchi’s method, Materials and Design, 42:124–130, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.048
33. Çaydaş U., Hasçalik A., Use of the grey relational analysis to determine optimum laser cutting parameters with multi-performance characteristics, Optics and Laser Technology, 40(7): 987–994, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2008.01.004
34. Arcuri N., Bruno R., Bevilacqua P., Influence of the optical and geometrical properties of indoor environments for the thermal performances of chilled ceilings, Energy and Buildings, 88: 229–237, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.009
35. Prakash D., Thermal analysis of building roof assisted with water heater and insulation material, Sādhanā, 43: 30, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-017-0781-y
36. Shen L., Tu Z., Hu Q., Tao C., Chen H., The optimization design and parametric study of thermoelectric radiant cooling and heating panel, Applied Thermal Engineering, 112: 688–697, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.094
37. Romaní J., Belusko M., Alemu A., Cabeza L.F., De Gracia A., Bruno F., Optimization of deterministic controls for a cooling radiant wall coupled to a PV array, Applied Energy, 229: 1103–1110, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.035
38. Joe J., Karava P., A model predictive control strategy to optimize the performance of radiant floor heating and cooling systems in office buildings, Applied Energy, 245: 65–77, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.209
39. Nayak S.K., Patro J.K., Dewangan S., Gangopadhyay S., Multi-objective optimization of machining parameters during dry turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel using grey relational analysis, Procedia Materials Science, 6: 701–708, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.086
2. Nagano K., Mochida T., Experiments on thermal environmental design of ceiling radiant cooling for supine human subjects, Building and Environment, 39(3): 267–275, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.08.011
3. Catalina T., Virgone J., Kuznik F., Evaluation of thermal comfort using combined CFD and experimentation study in a test room equipped with a cooling ceiling, Building and Environment, 44(8): 1740–1750, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.11.015
4. Chiang W.H., Wang C.Y., Huang J.S., Evaluation of cooling ceiling and mechanical ventilation systems on thermal comfort using CFD study in an office for subtropical region, Building and Environment, 48: 113–127, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.09.002
5. Jeong J.W., Mumma S.A., Practical cooling capacity estimation model for a suspended metal ceiling radiant cooling panel, Building and Environment, 42(9): 3176–3185, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.006
6. Kim M.K., Leibundgut H., A case study on feasible performance of a system combining an airbox convector with a radiant panel for tropical climates, Building and Environment, 82: 687–692, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.10.012
7. Zhang L., Liu X.H., Jiang Y., Experimental evaluation of a suspended metal ceiling radiant panel with inclined fins, Energy and Buildings, 62: 522–529, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.03.044
8. Zarrella A., De Carli M., Peretti C., Radiant floor cooling coupled with dehumidification systems in residential buildings: A simulation-based analysis, Energy Conversion and Management, 85: 254–263, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.097
9. Su L., Li N., Zhang X., Experimental study on cooling characteristics of concrete ceiling radiant cooling panel, Procedia Engineering, 121: 2168–2175, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.089
10. Su L., Li N., Zhang X., Sun Y., Qian J., Heat transfer and cooling characteristics of concrete ceiling radiant cooling panel, Applied Thermal Engineering, 84: 170–179, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.045
11. Zhang X., Li N., Su L., Sun Y., Qian J., Experimental study on the characteristics of non-steady state radiation heat transfer in the room with concrete ceiling radiant cooling panels, Building and Environment, 96:157–69, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.11.006
12. Oxizidis S., Papadopoulos A.M., Performance of radiant cooling surfaces with respect to energy consumption and thermal comfort, Energy and Buildings, 57: 199–209, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.047
13. Cholewa T., Anasiewicz R., Siuta-Olcha A., Skwarczyński M.A., On the heat transfer coefficients between heated/cooled radiant ceiling and room, Applied Thermal Engineering, 117:76–84, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.02.019
14. Xie D., Wang Y., Wang H., Mo S., Liao M., Numerical analysis of temperature non-uniformity and cooling capacity for capillary ceiling radiant cooling panel, Renewable Energy, 87(3): 1154–1161, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.08.029
15. Vangtook P., Chirarattananon S., Application of radiant cooling as a passive cooling option in hot humid climate, Building and Environment, 42(2): 543–556, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.014
16. An J.Y., Kim S., Kim H.J., Seo J., Emission behavior of formaldehyde and TVOC from engineered flooring in under heating and air circulation systems, Building and Environment, 45(8): 1826–1833, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.02.012
17. Maerefat M., Zolfaghari A., Omidvar A., On the conformity of floor heating systems with sleeping in the eastern-style beds; physiological responses and thermal comfort assessment, Building and Environment, 47: 322–329, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.07.008
18. Leung C., Ge H., Sleep thermal comfort and the energy-saving potential due to reduced indoor operative temperature during sleep, Building and Environment, 59: 91–98, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.010
19. Tian Z., Love J.A., Energy performance optimization of radiant slab cooling using building simulation and field measurements, Energy and Buildings, 41(3): 320–330, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.10.002
20. Zeiler W., Boxem G., Effects of thermal activated building systems in schools on thermal comfort in winter, Building and Environment, 44(11): 2308–2317, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.05.005
21. Memon R.A., Chirarattananon S., Vangtook P.: Thermal comfort assessment and application of radiant cooling: A case study, Building and Environment, 43(7): 1185–1196, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.04.025
22. Song D., Kato S.: Radiational panel cooling system with continuous natural cross ventilation for hot and humid regions, Energy and Buildings, 36(12): 1273–1280, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2003.07.004
23. Lim J.H., Jo J.H., Kim Y.Y., Yeo M.S., Kim K.W.: Application of the control methods for radiant floor cooling system in residential buildings, Building and Environment, 41(1): 60–73, 2006,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.019
24. Yuan Y L., Zhou X., Zhang X., Experimental study of heat performance on ceiling radiant cooling panel, Procedia Engineering, 121: 2176–2183, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.090
25. Niu J., Kooi J.V.D., Indoor climate in rooms with cooled ceiling systems, Building and Environment, 29(3): 283–290, 1994, https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323%2894%2990024-8
26. Myhren J.A., Holmberg S., Flow patterns and thermal comfort in a room with panel, floor and wall heating, Energy and Buildings, 40(4): 524–536, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.04.011
27. Hao X., Zhang G., Chen Y., Zou S., Moschandreas D.J., A combined system of chilled ceiling, displacement ventilation and desiccant dehumidification, Building and Environment, 42(9): 3298–3308, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.020
28. Kim T., Kato S., Murakami S., Rho J.W.: Study on indoor thermal environment of office space controlled by cooling panel system using field measurement and the numerical simulation, Building and Environment, 40(3): 301–310, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.04.010
29. Dongxia Y., Xiaoyan L., Dingyong H., Zuoren N., Hui H.: Optimization of weld bead geometry in laser welding with filler wire process using Taguchi’s approach, Optics & Laser Technology, 44(7): 2020–2025, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.03.033
29. Schellen L., Timmers S., Loomans M., Nelissen E., Hensen J.L.M., van Marken Lichtenbelt W., Downdraught assessment during design: Experimental and numerical evaluation of a rule of thumb, Building and Environment, 57: 290–301, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.04.011
30. Taguchi G., Introduction to quality engineering, Asian Productivity Organization APO, Tokyo, Japan, 1990.
31. Manivel D., Gandhinathan R.,Optimization of surface roughness and tool wear in hard turning of austempered ductile iron (grade 3) using Taguchi method, Measurement, 93: 108–116, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.06.055
32. Koksal S., Ficici F., Kayikci., Savas O., Experimental optimization of dry sliding wear behavior of in situ AlB2/Al composite based on Taguchi’s method, Materials and Design, 42:124–130, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.048
33. Çaydaş U., Hasçalik A., Use of the grey relational analysis to determine optimum laser cutting parameters with multi-performance characteristics, Optics and Laser Technology, 40(7): 987–994, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2008.01.004
34. Arcuri N., Bruno R., Bevilacqua P., Influence of the optical and geometrical properties of indoor environments for the thermal performances of chilled ceilings, Energy and Buildings, 88: 229–237, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.009
35. Prakash D., Thermal analysis of building roof assisted with water heater and insulation material, Sādhanā, 43: 30, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-017-0781-y
36. Shen L., Tu Z., Hu Q., Tao C., Chen H., The optimization design and parametric study of thermoelectric radiant cooling and heating panel, Applied Thermal Engineering, 112: 688–697, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.094
37. Romaní J., Belusko M., Alemu A., Cabeza L.F., De Gracia A., Bruno F., Optimization of deterministic controls for a cooling radiant wall coupled to a PV array, Applied Energy, 229: 1103–1110, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.08.035
38. Joe J., Karava P., A model predictive control strategy to optimize the performance of radiant floor heating and cooling systems in office buildings, Applied Energy, 245: 65–77, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.209
39. Nayak S.K., Patro J.K., Dewangan S., Gangopadhyay S., Multi-objective optimization of machining parameters during dry turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel using grey relational analysis, Procedia Materials Science, 6: 701–708, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.086
