Engineering Transactions
type: channel
description: Engineering Transactions (formerly Rozprawy Inżynierskie) is a refereed international journal founded in 1952. The journal promotes research and practice in engineering science and provides a forum for interdisciplinary publications combining mechanics with: Material science, Mechatronics, Biomechanics and Biotechnologies, Environmental science, Photonics, Information technologies, Other engineering applications. The journal publishes original papers covering a broad area of research activities including: Experimental and hybrid techniques, Analytical and numerical approaches. Review articles and special issues are also welcome. Following long tradition, all articles are peer reviewed and our expert referees ensure that the papers accepted for publication comply with high scientific standards. Engineering Transactions is a quarterly journal intended to be interesting and useful for the researchers and practitioners in academic and industrial communities. Occasionally, special issues of the journal may be devoted to publication of all or selected papers presented at international conferences or other scientific meetings. However, all papers intended for such an issue are subjected to the usual reviewing and acceptance procedure.
publisher: Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences
language: en
publication name: Engineering Transactions
issn: 0867-888X
copyright: Copyright on any open access article in the Engineering Transactions published by Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Acoustical Society is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any user the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. The Creative Commons Attribution License-ShareAlike 4.0 formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles. Exceptions to copyright policy For the articles which were previously published, before year 2019, policies that are different from the above. In all such, access to these articles is free from fees or any other access restrictions. Permissions for the use of the texts published in that journal may be sought directly from the Editorial Office of Engineering Transactions .
items: Investigation of the Effect of Fin Geometry on the Thermal Performance of Microelectronics Devices
items: Exploring the Synergistic Influences of Clay Nanoplatelets and Waste Eggshell Particles on PMMA-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites
items: Challenges of Corrosion, Wear, Erosion, and Abrasion in Hydropower Plants: Materials, Modeling, and Mitigation Strategies
items: Modeling Defect Detection in 3D-Printed Structures Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
items: Collision Integral for Non-Equilibrium Distributions of 1D Bosons with Non-Linear Dispersions
items: Global Buckling of a Thin-Walled T-Frame with Consideration of the Shear Effect
items: Analytical Approach and Shooting Method for the Solution of a Nonlocal Eringen Elasticity Problem of Nanorods
items: Multi-objective Collaborative Optimization of Steel Structure Central Support Components Integrating NSGA-II and Topology Optimization
items: Non-Linear Analysis of Wrinkling Phenomenain Sandwich Beams with a Soft Core
items: Sustainable Natural and Synthetic Fiber/Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Characterization and One-Way ANOVA Statistical Analysis
items: Preface
items: Simulation Study of Direct-Shear Test on FRP-to-Concrete Bonded Joints by Means of XFEM
items: Machine Learning-Based Welding Defect Recognition Using GLCM Features and k-fold Cross-Validation: KNN and SVM Techniques
items: A Small-Sample Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearings Based on Balanced Distribution Adaptation and Support Vector Machine
items: Optimization of Dual-Constrained Grasping Operation of Robotic Arm Based on Optimized Contact Grasping Network
items: Caustics Formation by a Spherical Reflector – Geometric and Wave Field Analysis with Applications in Room Acoustics and Radio Astronomy
items: Numerical Finite Element Modeling of Lamb Wave-Defect Interactions in Bonded Metal Structures: Benchmarking Mode Selection Criteria
items: Numerical Modeling of the Aluminum Alloy AW5083 Using Large-Strain Thermo-Elasto-Plasticity
items: On the Out-of-Plane Deviation of Bending Deformation States in Moderately Thick Bars with Asymmetric Cross-Sections
items: Development of Online Monitoring Device for Ash Accumulation Status of Alkali Recovery Boiler
items: Analysis of a Variable Geometry Radial Inflow Turbine Using 1D Mean-line Model
items: A Prime-Number/Uniform Angular Distribution Criterion for Blade Vibration Reduction
items: Graphical Method for Synthesizing a Four-Bar Linkage with Specified Coupler Angular Reversal Positions
items: Performance of a Hybrid Ichthyoid-Waterjet Articulated Propulsor
items: Analysis of the Braking Process for Curvilinear Motion of Vehicle
items: Energy Efficiency of an LPG-Powered Extended-Range Electric Vehicle
items: On Frequency Dependence of Stability in Materials with Fractional Viscosity
items: Changes in the Damping Ratio and Energy Transfer Ratio Due to Damage in a Composite Beam
items: Determination of Operating Conditions of a Probe Block Designed for Fault Diagnostics in Rail Heads
items: The Development Features and Design of a Vibratory Gyroscope with a Metallic Cylindrical Resonator

Investigation of the Effect of Fin Geometry on the Thermal Performance of Microelectronics Devices
type: item
description: This study systematically evaluates optimal heat sink geometry for enhanced thermal performance in electronic cooling applications. ANSYS-Icepak and COMSOL Multiphysics software assessed four distinct fin geometries (square, rectangular, circular, and conical), all uniformly sized for accurate comparison. Vital performance parameters were analyzed, including maximum temperature reduction, pressure drop, and airflow velocity. These indicators provide a holistic assessment of cooling efficacy and aerodynamic characteristics. Findings highlight the effectiveness of rectangular fins, which significantly reduce maximum temperatures due to their efficient balance of conductive and convective heat transfer. While conical fins display lower pressure drops and circular fins achieve higher airflow velocities, these attributes do not consistently enhance cooling capabilities. The importance of this study resides in its provision of definitive guidance for selecting fin geometry in designing efficient heat sinks, crucial for electronic devices. This knowledge is particularly vital for developing advanced cooling systems in compact, high-power electronics, underscoring the significant impact of fin geometry on overall thermal management efficiency. Quantitative data supporting these findings is available in the full study.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: Fin geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Electronic cooling
  topic: keywords
subject: Heat sink
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermal management
  topic: keywords
subject: ANSYS-Icepak
  topic: keywords
creator: Sana J. Yaseen
creator: Ali K. Hadi
creator: Ali A. Abed
creator: Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sana J. Yaseen, Ali K. Hadi, Ali A. Abed, Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3700

Exploring the Synergistic Influences of Clay Nanoplatelets and Waste Eggshell Particles on PMMA-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of incorporating clay nanoplatelets and waste eggshell particles into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to develop hybrid nanocomposites with improved mechanical and structural properties. Waste eggshells, rich in biogenic calcium carbonate, were utilized as a sustainable, low-cost filler, while clay nanoplatelets provided nanoscale reinforcement and improved interfacial bonding. Hybrid nanocomposites were prepared with 5 wt. % of filler contents using the solution casting method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the dispersion and morphology of the fillers within the structure of the PMMA matrix. At the same time, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to assess the powder chemical interactions and potential bonding between the fillers (clay nanoplatelets and eggshell particles). Mechanical behavior was also evaluated through tensile testing of PMMA and its produced hybrid nanocomposites. The results indicate a synergistic enhancement due to the combination of organic biowaste and inorganic nanoclay, offering a promising route for the development of sustainable, high-performance polymer nanocomposites.
subject: Technical Notes
  topic: section
subject: clay nanoplatelets
  topic: keywords
subject: waste eggshell particles
  topic: keywords
subject: PMMA
  topic: keywords
subject: hybrid nanocomposites
  topic: keywords
subject: tensile mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
creator: Sameer F. Hamad
creator: Aya Waleed Abd
creator: Anwer J. Al-Obaidi
creator: Nazar J. Abdulridha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sameer F. Hamad, Aya Waleed Abd, Anwer J. Al-Obaidi, Nazar J. Abdulridha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3722

Challenges of Corrosion, Wear, Erosion, and Abrasion in Hydropower Plants: Materials, Modeling, and Mitigation Strategies
type: item
description: The chemical, food processing, hydropower, thermal power, and oil industries are among the sectors that frequently face the problems of erosion, abrasion, and corrosion. Pipelines, elbows, reducers, separators, tees, and seals are among the hydraulic devices and pipeline components that are impacted by these difficulties. Silt erosion in turbines and related parts is a major issue in hydropower plants, particularly in Indian hydropower plants where rivers contain hard elements like feldspar, quartz, and other minerals. Remarkably, more than half of the quartz in the silt causes problems in turbines, including sediment erosion, leaks, and secondary flow disturbances. Hydropower plants' total efficiency is ultimately jeopardized by these issues. This paper aims to support scholars and researchers by highlighting the following topics: (i) component failures in impulse and response turbines used in hydropower projects; (ii) different turbine materials and their properties; and (iii) a comparison of several thermal spraying techniques for turbine materials along with numerous numerical models of erosion and abrasion informed by silt characteristics, material properties, and flow phenomena in different hydro-turbines. The study also discusses modeling, pilot plant loops, wear mechanisms, and protective techniques aimed at mitigating wear and safeguarding hydro turbines.
subject: Review Papers
  topic: section
subject: thermal spray coatings
  topic: keywords
subject: erosion
  topic: keywords
subject: component failure
  topic: keywords
subject: turbine
  topic: keywords
subject: hydropower plants
  topic: keywords
creator: Harvinder Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Harvinder Singh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3574

Modeling Defect Detection in 3D-Printed Structures Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
type: item
description: Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites are widely utilized in 3D printing via the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. However, defects within printed components can compromise their performance. This study investigates the application of ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to structures manufactured through FFF. Common printing defects, such as weak interlayer bonding, surface imperfections, and internal cracks, are simulated using a finite element (FE) model. The model analyzes how guided ultrasonic waves interact with these defects. The proposed methodology incorporates digital transducer control and evaluates the energy distribution among incident, reflected, and transmitted wave modes. Three representative defect types are modeled, and the approach is applied to two structural geometries: plates and pipes. The study investigates the correlation between defect size and the behavior of energy reflection and transmission. A signal processing approach is applied, using transducers positioned symmetrically along the wave propagation axis to detect mode conversion and analyze wave reflections and transmissions. The phenomenon of mode conversion is analyzed in detail, and the results are validated by ensuring energy-balance consistency.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: ultrasonic testing
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: guided waves
  topic: keywords
subject: defect detection
  topic: keywords
subject: non-destructive testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ismaine Zitouni
creator: Hassan Rhimini
creator: Abdelkerim Chouaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ismaine Zitouni, Hassan Rhimini, Abdelkerim Chouaf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3596

Collision Integral for Non-Equilibrium Distributions of 1D Bosons with Non-Linear Dispersions
type: item
description: In order to understand transport phenomena in the quasi-classical regime, the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is one of the most frequently used tools. Therein, the key quantity is the collision integral – the quantity that encapsulates the properties of the medium under consideration. Usually the result of this integral is approximated by a single parameter, the relaxation time. However, this leaves one wondering if such a treatment is sufficient, for instance, if the dispersion of bosons is non-linear, what will be the influence of this non-linearity on the BTE. Here, we give a fully analytic solution of the collision integral for 1D bosonic gases with non-linear dispersion and far out of equilibrium. Our analytic result is given in terms of the Lerch transcendent function and it has been obtained for the case of two subsystems (one dragging the other), by taking a maximum-entropy displaced Bose–Einstein ansatz for their distributions. Currently, there are numerous experiments performed far from equilibrium, where distributions are massively shifted and our result may serve as a main building block for deriving distributions of bosons, and later linear and non-linear transport coefficients, in such regimes.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: Boltzmann transport equation
  topic: keywords
subject: bosons with non-linear dispersion
  topic: keywords
subject: non-equilibrium distributions
  topic: keywords
creator: Piotr Chudzinski
creator: Wieslaw Larecki
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Piotr Chudzinski, Wieslaw Larecki https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 231
ending page: 247
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3692

Global Buckling of a Thin-Walled T-Frame with Consideration of the Shear Effect
type: item
description: This work concerns a global elastic buckling problem of a thin-walled T-frame with consideration of the shear effect. A novel approach was used to account for this effect, namely, the non-linear shear deformation theory, which gives as a result the shear deformation function describing the behaviour of the beam cross section. This thin-walled T-frame consists of a horizontal beam and a vertical column made of the same standard H-beams. The shape of this standard H-beam and the dimensionless deformation function of the plane cross section, being the result of the shear effect, are analytically described. The buckling problem of the frame is analytically formulated and solved. The critical loads of exemplary beams are analytically determined. Moreover, a numerical model, based on the finite element method (FEM), of the frame is elaborated and the critical loads of exemplary frames are determined. Consequently, the research results obtained by both methods are compared, and the advantages of the proposed approach are discussed.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: elastic buckling
  topic: keywords
subject: frame
  topic: keywords
subject: H-beam
  topic: keywords
subject: thin-walled beam
  topic: keywords
subject: shear effect
  topic: keywords
creator: Krzysztof Magnucki
creator: Paweł Jasion
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Krzysztof Magnucki, Paweł Jasion https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 267
ending page: 292
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3641

Analytical Approach and Shooting Method for the Solution of a Nonlocal Eringen Elasticity Problem of Nanorods
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to study the post-buckling behavior of nanorods, taking into account small scale effects. In this paper, the buckling of a nanorod column subjected to a tip load is investigated. The nanorod is on a clamped support at one end, while the other end is simply supported and subjected to axial compression. At this end, the nanorod is movable only in the horizontal direction. The governing differential equation describing the behavior of the nanorod is derived from the moment–curvature relationship, in analogy with the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, together with the equilibrium equations, including the effects of nonlocal elasticity, as well as the corresponding boundary conditions. A numerical shooting method is derived and employed to solve the differential equations in this problem. The results, including nonlocal elasticity, reveal that nanorods have decreased structural stiffness and show a significant effect of geometrical parameters on the stability of buckled nanorods, emphasizing the importance of accounting for their interaction in the design of nanostructural systems.
subject: Technical Notes
  topic: section
subject: nonlocal elasticity theory
  topic: keywords
subject: nanorods
  topic: keywords
subject: small-scale effect
  topic: keywords
subject: postbuckling behaviors
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandra Manecka-Padaż
creator: Ewa Eliza Rożko
creator: Zdzisław Nowak
creator: Piotr Chudziński
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aleksandra Manecka-Padaż, Ewa Eliza Rożko, Zdzisław Nowak , Piotr Chudzinski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 327
ending page: 354
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3681

Multi-objective Collaborative Optimization of Steel Structure Central Support Components Integrating NSGA-II and Topology Optimization
type: item
description: This paper presents a multi-objective collaborative optimization framework for central support components in steel structures, aiming to simultaneously minimize structural mass and compliance. Traditional design methods often optimize a single objective, limiting overall performance. To address this, we integrate the NSGA-II genetic algorithm with the SIMP topology optimization method within a master-sub nested architecture. NSGA-II performs a global search for optimal macro-level geometric parameters, while SIMP optimizes the micro-level material distribution under given geometries. The interaction between both levels enables a comprehensive trade-off between lightweight design and structural stiffness. Case studies on various support types demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces structural mass while enhancing stiffness, confirming its robustness and broad applicability. The Pareto front achieves a high Hypervolume (HV) index, indicating excellent solution diversity and quality. This approach provides an intelligent and efficient pathway for the high-performance, lightweight design of steel structures.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: steel structure
  topic: keywords
subject: central support member
  topic: keywords
subject: multi-objective optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: topology optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: NSGA-II algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: collaborative optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Lei Han
creator: Heng Zheng
creator: Jianying Weng
creator: Xue Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lei Han, Heng Zheng, Jianying Weng, Xue Li https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3635

Non-Linear Analysis of Wrinkling Phenomenain Sandwich Beams with a Soft Core
type: item
description: This work is devoted to the local stability analysis of sandwich beams with a light core. A linear as well as a non-linear numerical analysis is carried out with the use of the finite element method (FEM). Both material and geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account. The goal of the investigation is to examine the influence of the material model on the post-buckling behaviour of a sandwich beam, especially on the formation and development of wrinkles on the compressed face. A pure bending condition is considered for a beam simply supported at both ends. The results for materials of theoretical properties are presented as well as for data from experiments on aluminium sandwich beams. From the results, it is seen that the linear analysis of the wrinkling phenomenon for non-linear materials gives overestimated results and does not predict correctly the buckling shape.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: wrinkling
  topic: keywords
subject: sandwich beams
  topic: keywords
subject: bending
  topic: keywords
subject: buckling
  topic: keywords
subject: equilibrium path
  topic: keywords
subject: non-linear analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Paweł Jasion
creator: Iwona Małgorzata Wstawska
creator: Kamil Kołodziński
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paweł Jasion, Iwona Małgorzata Wstawska, Kamil Kołodziński https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 207
ending page: 230
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3607

Sustainable Natural and Synthetic Fiber/Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Characterization and One-Way ANOVA Statistical Analysis
type: item
description: It is now well recognized that the combination of natural and synthetic fibers in synergistic fiber-reinforced composite materials can greatly broaden their applications in engineering and technology. Natural fibers are gaining increasing attention because of their biodegradability, easy availability, durability, and resistance to corrosion, positioning them as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional materials. At the same time, fiber-reinforced composites are increasingly replacing metals in multiple sectors owing to their cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency. In this study, epoxy resin-based hybrid composites are prepared by incorporating glass, hemp and ramie fibers through the hand lay-up approach. The laminates are characterized for tensile, flexural, impact, and, hardness performance using ASTM standard methods. The greatest tensile strength, 73.10 MPa, is achieved in the glass/ramie fiber composite. The hybrid composites comprising glass, ramie, and hemp fibers exhibit enhanced flexural behavior of 18.22 MPa and impact resistance of 142.45 kJ/m2. Among the tested configurations, the glass/ramie fiber composite recorded the highest hardness value of 27.73 HV. Overall, the findings highlight that glass/ramie/hemp fiber-mixed epoxy composite materials can serve as prospective eco-friendly substitutes for conventional synthetic composites in non-structural applications, such as automotive interiors, by offering a balance of good mechanical performance and sustainability.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: hybrid composite
  topic: keywords
subject: natural and synthetic fibers
  topic: keywords
subject: mechanical properties
  topic: keywords
subject: glass
  topic: keywords
subject: ramie
  topic: keywords
subject: hemp
  topic: keywords
subject: hand lay-up method
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadashiva Kemparaju
creator: Bhanu Prathap Rangaswamy
creator: Balaji Javaraiah
creator: Shwetha Mahadev
creator: Rathika Murugan
creator: Tarakeshwar Jane
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sadashiva Kemparaju, Bhanu Prathap Rangaswamy, Balaji Javaraiah, Shwetha Mahadev, Rathika Murugan, Tarakeshwar Jane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 249
ending page: 266
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3665

Preface
type: item
description: Preface to a selection of papers presented at the SiMRTRANS Scientific and Technical Conference: “Innovative Solutions in Transport”, which took place at the Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, on September 19, 2024.
subject: SIMRTRANS: Innovative solutions in means of transport
  topic: section
creator: Dariusz WIĘCKOWSKI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dariusz WIĘCKOWSKI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 325
ending page: 325
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3603.2025

Simulation Study of Direct-Shear Test on FRP-to-Concrete Bonded Joints by Means of XFEM
type: item
description: A proper numerical modelling of FRP-to-concrete bonded joints is crucial for determining their strength. In this paper, the results of numerical analyses performed using XFEM on such joints in direct-shear test are presented. The study uses a fracture mechanics approach based on the traction-separation law to define the FRP-concrete interface. It includes the definition of damage initiation as well as damage evolution, taking advantage of the fracture energy of plain concrete as well as the interfacial fracture energy of the analysed joint. The interfacial fracture energy of the bonded joint is essential for accurately describing the local bond–slip behaviour. The numerical study aims to investigate the sensitivity of direct-shear test models to the magnitude of fracture energies, material strengths, the type of adhesive, and the length of FRP-to-concrete joint. Some general results and conclusions of the performed analyses are presented.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: FRP strengthening
  topic: keywords
subject: XFEM analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: modes of fracture energy
  topic: keywords
subject: FRP-to-concrete joints
  topic: keywords
subject: interfacial fracture energy
  topic: keywords
subject: traction-separation law
  topic: keywords
creator: Iwona Jankowiak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Iwona Jankowiak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 173
ending page: 186
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3626

Machine Learning-Based Welding Defect Recognition Using GLCM Features and k-fold Cross-Validation: KNN and SVM Techniques
type: item
description: Although radiographic inspection is one of the oldest techniques for non-destructive testing, it is still considered vital in many industrial fields to ensure the quality of welds and meet the demands of work conditions and design, as well as safety and reliability requirements. This paper presents an algorithm that identifies and categorizes welding defects in radiographic images using machine learning techniques. For this aim, two supervised classifiers are proposed and performed, which are 1) K-nearest Neighbour (KNN), which is a nonparametric classifier, and 2) a multiclass classifier based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) as an intensive learning-based classifier (enthusiastically learns). SVM is commonly used in binary classification, but it can be adapted for multi-classification using various common methods, such as one-versus-one and one-versus-all. The texture features are adopted in this paper as inputs to the classifiers, where two groups of them are used: the feature of the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and the grey-level co-occurrence extraction matrix (GLCM), to obtain the feature vector. To avoid the risk of overfitting, four k-fold cross-validations are applied. The experimental results are reported for two different classifiers, achieving an accuracy of 91.66% when combining GLCM and SVM.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: Welding defect
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiographic images
  topic: keywords
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learni
  topic: keywords
subject: K-fold cross-validation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sattar J. Kadhim
creator: AbdulBaqi AlSalait
creator: Raheem Al-Sabur
creator: Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sattar J. Kadhim, AbdulBaqi AlSalait, Raheem Al-Sabur, Abdel-Nasser Sharkawy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3652

A Small-Sample Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearings Based on Balanced Distribution Adaptation and Support Vector Machine
type: item
description: To address the issue of low diagnostic accuracy caused by distribution differences between the source and target domains in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, this study proposes a method combining balanced distribution adaptation (BDA) and support vector machines (SVMs). The approach utilizes BDA to simultaneously minimize discrepancies in both the marginal and conditional distributions between domains, enabling effective feature alignment and enhancing the model’s cross-domain generalization in small-sample scenarios. After extracting time- and frequency-domain features, BDA adaptively adjusts the feature distributions, and SVMs are employed for fault classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the BDA-SVM method achieves over 94 % diagnostic accuracy, showcasing strong performance and robustness in bearing fault diagnosis. Compared with traditional SVMs and other methods without transfer learning, the proposed approach shows a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy under cross-domain conditions.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: rolling bearings
  topic: keywords
subject: fault diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: balanced distribution adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: transfer learning
  topic: keywords
subject: support vector machines (SVMs)
  topic: keywords
creator: Dong Chen
creator: Mingshan Zhang
creator: Yaguang Gao
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dong Chen, Mingshan Zhang, Yaguang Gao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 187
ending page: 206
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3649

Optimization of Dual-Constrained Grasping Operation of Robotic Arm Based on Optimized Contact Grasping Network
type: item
description: With the continuous improvement of intelligent manufacturing and robot perception capabilities, traditional robotic arm grasping methods still face problems such as inaccurate posture prediction and poor task adaptability in dealing with dynamic scenes, complex objects, and functional action execution. Therefore, the research develops an optimized contact grasping network model that integrates scene constraints and task constraints. It combines UR5 six degree of freedom robotic arm, visual input, and Contact-GraspNet architecture based on point cloud, and introduces PointNet++ local feature enhancement mechanism and lightweight encoder design to effectively improve the spatial perception and action planning capabilities of grasping points. Experimental results show that on the GraspNet and YCB Dataset, the model achieves F1 scores of 92.54% and 91.82% respectively, with average execution time reduced to 0.61 seconds. In functional operation scenarios involving door handles, kettle handles, and drawer pulls, grasping accuracy remained above 0.89, with task completion rates significantly outperforming mainstream baseline models. Under visual interference conditions with up to 75% occlusion rate, the average inference latency was controlled within 0.82 seconds. Under varying light intensities, the pose angle error remained within the range of 1.21° to 1.87°. Therefore, this model exhibits comprehensive advantages in grasping precision, latency control, and deployment efficiency, and has the potential to be largely applied in industrial, service, and special task environments.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: robotic arm grasping
  topic: keywords
subject: scene constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: task constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: Contact-GraspNet
  topic: keywords
subject: point cloud
  topic: keywords
creator: Feifei Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Feifei Zhao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3644

Caustics Formation by a Spherical Reflector – Geometric and Wave Field Analysis with Applications in Room Acoustics and Radio Astronomy
type: item
description: Based on the principles of geometrical optics, an analytical description of caustics generated in a spherical mirror is presented. The formation of caustics in a wave field is studied using acoustic and electromagnetic waves as an example. Symmetry of equations describing energy relations in acoustics and electromagnetism is shown. The presence of caustics in natural phenomena is demonstrated, as well as their manifestation in architectural acoustics and astronomy. It is explained why in the sound field in existing halls, rather than the entire caustics, only their cusp is observed, which is perceived as a blurred area with an increased sound level accompanied by unusual values of acoustic room parameters. The influence of caustics on the efficiency of spherical and parabolic antennas used in radio astronomy is discussed.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: heritage of science
  topic: keywords
subject: Leonardo da Vinci
  topic: keywords
subject: caustic
  topic: keywords
subject: spherical reflector
  topic: keywords
subject: parabolic reflector
  topic: keywords
subject: room acoustics
  topic: keywords
subject: Arecibo
  topic: keywords
subject: FAST
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrzej Kulowski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Andrzej Kulowski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-02
publication date: 2026-02-02
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3594

Numerical Finite Element Modeling of Lamb Wave-Defect Interactions in Bonded Metal Structures: Benchmarking Mode Selection Criteria
type: item
description: This study investigates the interaction of guided ultrasonic Lamb waves with both internal and surface defects in aluminum/epoxy/aluminum bonded structures. The three-layer assembly consists of two 0.9398 mm-thick aluminum adherends bonded with a 0.25 mm epoxy adhesive core. Three defect configurations are examined: a centered hidden notch (CHN), a single external notch (1EN) located on the upper surface, and two symmetric external notches (2SEN) positioned on opposite faces. Displacement fields acquired from the top surface are processed using a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) to decompose the wavefield and identify incident, reflected, and transmitted modes. By calculating acoustic power, we can quantify how energy is distributed across different Lamb modes using specific energy coefficients. This helps pinpoint which modes are best for detecting defects. To figure out the most effective inspection strategy for each type of defect, we carried out a detailed multi-criteria assessment based on energy balance and 13 quantitative indicators. The findings show that both the type and size of a defect can be reliably extracted from these modal energy signatures. Overall, this work supports structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) by offering a rigorous yet practical framework for mode selection that responds well to defects in adhesive-bonded assemblies. The methodology holds significant potential for aerospace and automotive applications, where bond-line integrity is paramount, particularly for ensuring the safety and reliability of critical components such as aircraft structures and automotive chassis. The partial validity of our numerical approach is supported by the experimental study of Santos, whose results are consistent with those obtained in this study.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: nondestructive testing
  topic: keywords
subject: Lamb waves
  topic: keywords
subject: bonded metal structures
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element method
  topic: keywords
subject: interaction defect
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayoub Jabiri
creator: Mustapha Azkour
creator: Abdelali Yacoubi
creator: Rachid Mandry
creator: Mhammed El Allami
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ayoub Jabiri, Mustapha Azkour, Abdelali Yacoubi, Rachid Mandry, Mhammed El Allami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3640

Numerical Modeling of the Aluminum Alloy AW5083 Using Large-Strain Thermo-Elasto-Plasticity
type: item
description: This paper deals with the constitutive modeling and finite element (FE) simulations of advanced models related to large-strain thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of aluminum alloy AW5083, which can reproduce the material response at different temperatures from room temperature up to 500 °C. Significant focus is placed on internal sources of cooling and heating resulting from thermo-elastic and thermo-plastic couplings, respectively, and on the influence of elevated temperature on these couplings. The formulation of the constitutive description is based on a thermodynamic approach. Two models are presented and tested, including temperature-dependent and temperature-independent plastic free energy function. Numerical tests of the developed models are carried out for a uniaxial tensile test. For the sake of comparison with experimental results, a dogbone specimen examined in a tensile machine is analyzed.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: aluminum alloy AW5083
  topic: keywords
subject: thermo-elasto-plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature dependent parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: large-strains
  topic: keywords
subject: finite element method
  topic: keywords
creator: Agnieszka Sobierańska
creator: Balbina Wcisło
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Agnieszka Sobierańska, Balbina Wcisło https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 145
ending page: 171
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3639

On the Out-of-Plane Deviation of Bending Deformation States in Moderately Thick Bars with Asymmetric Cross-Sections
type: item
description: A characteristic feature of the six-parameter theories of bars is the coupled form of the constitutive equations; in particular the equations linking transverse forces with transverse shear deformations cannot be, in general, decoupled while keeping a separate form of the remaining constitutive equations. The mentioned feature of the constitutive equations implies that, within the six-parameter theories of straight elastic prismatic bars, there do not exist, in general, plane states of bending/shearing deformations. Thus, any vertical load causes lateral deflections, the only exception being the pure bending problem. The present paper delivers analytical solutions: closed-form formulae for shape functions, i.e., deformation states associated with kinematic loads at the ends, and solutions to selected static problems corresponding to transverse span load. Although elementary, the presented solutions seem to be derived for the first time. In particular, the hitherto published shape functions concerned the theories of moderately thick bars in which all the constitutive equations are decoupled.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: six-parameter theory of bars
  topic: keywords
subject: moderately thick bars
  topic: keywords
subject: shape functions
  topic: keywords
creator: Radosław Czubacki
creator: Zofia Kozyra
creator: Tomasz Lewiński
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Radosław Czubacki, Zofia Kozyra, Tomasz Lewiński https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 125
ending page: 144
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3610

Development of Online Monitoring Device for Ash Accumulation Status of Alkali Recovery Boiler
type: item
description: The alkali recovery boiler is an important piece of equipment in chemical pulp production. It uses papermaking black liquor as fuel. Due to the large number of impurities, the heating surface is prone to severe ash deposition. To improve the heat transfer coefficient, the traditional method is to carry out timed soot blowing, which has problems such as untimely ash cleaning or excessive steam consumption caused by overly frequent soot blowing. In this paper, an experimental device for the relationship between the heat transfer coefficient and the weight of ash deposition was developed. The functional relationship between the two was obtained. There is an inflection point when the amount of ash deposition reaches 294.77 g. A control strategy of soot blowing at the inflection point was further proposed. A load-strain experimental testing device was developed. Experiments show that when the weight of ash deposition reaches 3503 N, the deformation of the suspender is 9 με, and starting the soot blowing device is the most efficient when the heat transfer coefficient is 725.15 W/(m²·K). Therefore, the degree of decline of the heat transfer coefficient can be indirectly reflected by measuring the strain. A method of soot blowing by detecting the degree of suspender strain was further proposed. This method is more scientific than the original timed soot blowing method and provides a technical reference for the energy-saving and consumption-reduction theories and engineering applications of alkali recovery boilers.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: alkali recovery boiler
  topic: keywords
subject: strain measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: ash deposition detection
  topic: keywords
subject: intelligent soot blowing
  topic: keywords
subject: decline of heat transfer coefficient
  topic: keywords
creator: Bo Wang
creator: Caiming Zhang
creator: Yuanli Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bo Wang, Caiming Zhang, Yuanli Wang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3559

Analysis of a Variable Geometry Radial Inflow Turbine Using 1D Mean-line Model
type: item
description: Despite great progress in 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mathematical modeling used for turbomachinery analysis, the prediction of flow parameters in the rotor (impeller) of radial inflow turbines using existing turbulence models often yields unsatisfactory results. This is because real physical processes related to turbulence are very complex. Other limitations of CFD tools include numerical errors due to finite difference approximations. Thus, for the analysis and optimization of radial inflow turbines, empirical loss correlations applied to a mean-line 1D mathematical model can provide faster and more accurate results compared to CFD simulations. In this study, a 1D approach was used for the mathematical modeling of gas flow in a variable geometry radial inflow turbine with a vaneless volute distributor (VVD). The variable geometry turbine (VGT) was part of a turbocharging system. Combustion engine operation mode with high-power and low-crankshaft rotational speed was chosen, as engine performance under this condition is sensitive to turbocharger adjustment in terms of break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and other critical parameters. An experimentally-based approach was used where gas flow characteristics in the VGT were calculated under real engine-turbocharger operating conditions. Accordingly, exhaust gas parameters were first measured on an experimental setup. Mathematical modeling then allowed to assess how adjustment in VGT influenced turbine indices, including loss distribution across the stage. It was also validated in this study that during high-load and low-crankshaft operating conditions of the compression ignition (CI) engine, it is recommended to minimize the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the volute acceleration section in the VGT. This adjustment results in better fuel efficiency and lower thermal loads on turbine components, despite a slight reduction in the turbine’s overall efficiency.
subject: SIMRTRANS: Innovative solutions in means of transport
  topic: section
subject: mathematical modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: radial inflow turbine
  topic: keywords
subject: variable geometry
  topic: keywords
subject: loss analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Dmytro SAMOILENKO
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dmytro SAMOILENKO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 463
ending page: 483
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3498.2025

A Prime-Number/Uniform Angular Distribution Criterion for Blade Vibration Reduction
type: item
description: Currently, the vibration noise of casting cleaning equipment exceeds 95 dB, which not only shortens the equipment’s service life but also jeopardizes workers’ health. The primary cause lies in the resonance tendency resulting from an uneven distribution of blades in the shotblasting device. In this paper, a prime-number/uniform angular distribution criterion and a dynamic balance elimination relationship are established to minimize resonance coupling while accounting for the internal characteristics of the shot-blasting device and blade assembly. Subsequently, a shot-blasting device with seven prime-number angular front-curved blades was designed and fabricated, and the dynamic imbalance caused by uneven blade distribution was compensated for by drilling. We employed the discrete element method to evaluate projectile velocity and stability. The results indicate that the shot velocity reaches a maximum of 75 m/s, with fluctuations within 4 m/s. After reaching 0.24 s, particles accelerated by the shot-blasting device achieve relative stability. Finally, vibration data acquired at a sampling frequency of 10 Ksps demonstrates that noise levels are reduced from 97 dB (traditional structure) to 93.3 dB (new model). This new criterion for shot-blasting machine models mitigates operational vibration while enhancing working conditions and improving overall stability and system reliability.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: shot blasting machine
  topic: keywords
subject: vibration-induced noise
  topic: keywords
subject: structural optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: prime-number/uniform angular distribution criterion
  topic: keywords
subject: shot-blasting device with seven prime-number angular front-curved blades
  topic: keywords
creator: Yong Li
creator: Yaao Di
creator: Wenzheng Dong
creator: Fangxiang Yin
creator: Yihao Yin
creator: Shanling Han
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yong Li, Yaao Di, Wenzheng Dong, Fangxiang Yin, Yihao Yin, Shanling Han https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 69
ending page: 84
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3603

Graphical Method for Synthesizing a Four-Bar Linkage with Specified Coupler Angular Reversal Positions
type: item
description: Graphical methods remain an important tool in the theory of mechanisms due to their ability to visually convey fundamental kinematic principles. They are particularly useful in the early design stages and in educational contexts, where intuitive understanding is essential. Among the applications of graphical synthesis methods, mechanisms that require a link to momentarily stop at specific angular positions – commonly referred to as angular reversal positions – are of particular interest. While various analytical and numerical methods exist for designing such mechanisms, they typically focus on dwell positions of rotational or translational links and rely on optimization techniques, often at the cost of geometric transparency. This paper presents a graphical synthesis method for a four-bar linkage designed to achieve two prescribed positions at which the coupler reverses its direction of rotation. This specific problem has not been previously addressed in the literature. It arises in mechanisms used for emptying containers, where the coupler carries the container and must instantaneously pause at two distinct angular positions to ensure stable discharge. Unlike many graphical methods, which may involve ambiguity due to trial-and-error selection of geometric parameters, the proposed technique ensures a unique and geometrically consistent solution while also allowing the Grashof conditions to be satisfied. This contrasts with many numerical methods, where constraint verification is often deferred until the final stages. The construction proposed here is both practically relevant and introduces a novel graphical approach, broadening the scope of synthesis methods to encompass mechanisms exhibiting link dwells in planar motion and reaffirming the relevance of graphical approaches.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: mechanism synthesis
  topic: keywords
subject: graphical methods
  topic: keywords
subject: angular reversal
  topic: keywords
subject: dwell mechanism
  topic: keywords
subject: instantaneous center of rotation
  topic: keywords
creator: Jacek Buśkiewicz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jacek Buśkiewicz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 51
ending page: 67
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3584

Performance of a Hybrid Ichthyoid-Waterjet Articulated Propulsor
type: item
description: The concept of a bioinspired ichthyoid-waterjet propulsor for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is investigated. The propulsor consists of an articulated fluid-conveying pipe with a propulsive fin at the end. Water drawn into the hull is accelerated to a supercritical velocity, which yields flutter vibrations of the propulsor resembling the motion of a swimming fish. The fin acts on the surrounding water and generates thrust. At the same time, the ejected water produces recoil. Using the proposed dynamical model, three types of propulsors for different swimming speeds are investigated. At low swimming speeds, the propulsive force generated by the propulsors can be up to 30% higher than the thrust of a conventional waterjet propulsor with the same physical parameters. However, this advantage in the generated thrust decreases with the swimming speed increase. The results are obtained by analyzing the approximation of the bifurcating solution and numerical simulations of the differential equation governing the dynamics.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: autonomous underwater vehicle
  topic: keywords
subject: waterjet propulsion
  topic: keywords
subject: fish swimming
  topic: keywords
subject: flutter
  topic: keywords
subject: fluid-conveying pipe
  topic: keywords
creator: Tomasz SZMIDT
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tomasz SZMIDT https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 591
ending page: 615
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3593.2025

Analysis of the Braking Process for Curvilinear Motion of Vehicle
type: item
description: Road incident reconstruction frequently includes the possibility of avoiding a collision. To perform such analysis, it is necessary to compare the available distance with the minimum braking distance. Therefore, to avoid a collision, the braking distance must be shorter than the available distance. The braking distance depends on parameters such as tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient, the initial velocity of a vehicle, the driver’s reaction time and the time needed to reach full braking force. However, the problem is that, in practice, none of these values are known during traffic incident reconstruction. As a result, the estimated vehicle velocity is uncertain. This is due to the method used to reconstruct a road incident (and the errors in the evidence data). The tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient depends on many factors and can be estimated with limited accuracy, usually ±0.1. The uncertainty of the estimate is approximately ±15%. The reaction time of a specific driver under the conditions present during a road incident is not precisely known. Therefore, an average value for most drivers is taken into account. It is assumed that a healthy driver’s reaction time should not exceed this value, and a longer reaction time is associated with incorrect driving behavior. The time taken to reach full braking force in a real situation is also unknown. Usually, average values are taken from the literature, without the analysis of a technical condition of a vehicle. This article considers the mechanics of vehicle braking, taking into account the action of lateral forces on this vehicle while considering a curved track. The maximum deceleration during braking is determined analytically, and a condition is formulated to indicate whether it is justified to use an advanced computational model instead of the basic one described in the literature. The analysis includes some dimensionless parameters describing the position of the center of gravity, tangential forces between the tyre a…
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: active safety
  topic: keywords
subject: braking on the road arc
  topic: keywords
subject: braking force
  topic: keywords
subject: driver reaction time
  topic: keywords
subject: intensity of turning
  topic: keywords
creator: Piotr FUNDOWICZ
creator: Hubert SAR
creator: Mateusz BRUKALSKI
creator: Michał ABRAMOWSKI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Piotr FUNDOWICZ, Hubert SAR, Mateusz BRUKALSKI, Michał ABRAMOWSKI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 617
ending page: 633
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3489.2025

Energy Efficiency of an LPG-Powered Extended-Range Electric Vehicle
type: item
description: This paper deals with energy efficiency evaluation of an extended range electric vehicle (EREV) equipped with a range extender (REX) powered by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The investigation is based on simulation, with key input data derived from empirical studies carried out by the authors. It includes four target driving ranges (200, 300, 400, 500 km), six driving cycles (WLTC 3b, FTP-75, CLTC-P, Artemis 130, NYCC, HWFET) and three battery size variants for the WLTC 3b cycle. The influence of the these factors on the overall efficiency and specific energy consumption of the EREV is assessed. The results are analyzed in terms of the number of REX activations per 100 km and the total REX operating time.
subject: SIMRTRANS: Innovative solutions in means of transport
  topic: section
subject: extended-range electric vehicle
  topic: keywords
subject: efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: energy consumption
  topic: keywords
subject: LPG
  topic: keywords
creator: Paweł KRAWCZYK
creator: Artur KOPCZYŃSKI
creator: Jakub LASOCKI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paweł KRAWCZYK, Artur KOPCZYŃSKI, Jakub LASOCKI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 421
ending page: 440
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3490.2025

On Frequency Dependence of Stability in Materials with Fractional Viscosity
type: item
description: Material instability refers to the tendency of materials to undergo alterations in their properties in loading. The concept of instability is governed by the constitutive equation of solids. Our analysis uses the entire set of equations describing the motion of solids, including the kinematical equation and Cauchy’s equations of motion. Damping, or rate-dependence, plays a crucial role in stability. A potential generalization involves the utilization of fractional-order derivatives of the strain or stress tensors. The stability analysis primarily focuses on periodic perturbations. The mechanism of loss of stability on various parts of the stability boundary is under consideration.
subject: SolMech 2024
  topic: section
subject: applied fractional calculus
  topic: keywords
subject: material instability
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamical systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Peter B. Béda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Peter B. Béda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 85
ending page: 103
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2025.3495

Changes in the Damping Ratio and Energy Transfer Ratio Due to Damage in a Composite Beam
type: item
description: This paper investigates changes in the modal parameters of a composite beam resulting from damage introduced to the bottom flange of a steel I-beam. Variations in the modal damping ratio and energy transfer ratio (ETR) are analysed. The results of experimental tests and numerical analyses are presented. The beam was modelled using the rigid finite elements (RFEs) method. The introduced damage caused small changes in the damping ratio. In contrast, the ETR was found to be more sensitive to damage than the damping ratio in the experimental results, exhibiting variations on the order of several tens of percent. In the numerical simulation results, changes in the ETR were smaller, reaching a few percent.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: steel-concrete composite beam
  topic: keywords
subject: damage detection
  topic: keywords
subject: energy transfer ratio (ETR)
  topic: keywords
creator: Małgorzata Jarosińska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Małgorzata Jarosińska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-30
publication date: 2026-03-30
starting page: 3
ending page: 17
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.2026.3488

Determination of Operating Conditions of a Probe Block Designed for Fault Diagnostics in Rail Heads
type: item
description: In this paper, the key parameters influencing the proper operation of ultrasonic probes for railway rails diagnostics are determined. The goal is to test a set of ultrasonic probes under conditions occurring at high diagnostic speeds. Four issues are studied in more detail. The probe block-rail contact force required to obtain maximum echo level is determined. In the authors’ opinion, the key aspect is the design of the water irrigation nozzle shape in order to produce a laminar couplant flow under the probes. The dependence of the amplitude of the recorded echo on the coupling layer thickness is experimentally investigated. The population of registered signal samples is processed to determine the testing speed limit, which resulted from the loss of data validation ability. The speed limit is calculated based on the average value of the amplitude of the measured signal and the standard deviation of the registered population of amplitudes. The conducted research allows the authors to conclude that the instrumentation they developed enables the recording of an ultrasonic signal propagating through the tested rail at scanning speed of up to 100 km/h.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: railway rails diagnostics
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasonic examination
  topic: keywords
subject: ultrasonic probe-rail interface
  topic: keywords
creator: Zbigniew RANACHOWSKI
creator: Sławomir MACKIEWICZ
creator: Tomasz KATZ
creator: Tomasz DĘBOWSKI
creator: Grzegorz STARZYŃSKI
creator: Marcin LEWANDOWSKI
creator: Łukasz ANTOLIK
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zbigniew RANACHOWSKI, Sławomir MACKIEWICZ, Tomasz KATZ, Tomasz DĘBOWSKI, Grzegorz STARZYŃSKI, Marcin LEWANDOWSKI, Łukasz ANTOLIK https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 579
ending page: 590
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3522.2025

The Development Features and Design of a Vibratory Gyroscope with a Metallic Cylindrical Resonator
type: item
description: This paper presents the results of developing a vibratory gyroscope with a cylindrical resonator made of Elinvar alloy. The vibratory gyroscope operates in three modes. These modes include rate mode, rate-integrating mode, and a new, third, differential mode. The differential mode can simultaneously measure two opposite angular rates, Ω and −Ω. A block diagram of the standing wave control system for each mode is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the modes are analyzed. A triple-mode gyro is proposed. The results of experimental studies and simulation data are also presented.
subject: Research Papers
  topic: section
subject: vibratory gyroscope
  topic: keywords
subject: standing wave
  topic: keywords
subject: control system
  topic: keywords
subject: auto-compensation
  topic: keywords
creator: Valerii CHIKOVANI
creator: Serhii HOLOVACH
creator: Hryhorii STROKACH
creator: Vadym AVRUTOV
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Valerii CHIKOVANI, Serhii HOLOVACH, Hryhorii STROKACH, Vadym AVRUTOV https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-26
publication date: 2025-06-26
starting page: 279
ending page: 304
doi: 10.24423/engtrans.3458.2025