Engineering Transactions, 55, 1, pp. 43–60, 2007
10.24423/engtrans.230.2007

On Micro-Damage in Hot Metal Working Part 2: Constitutive Modelling

J. LIN
Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham
United Kingdom

A. D. FOSTER
Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham
United Kingdom

Y. LIU
Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham
United Kingdom

D. C. J. FARRUGIA
Corus R, D and T, Swinden Technology Centre
Sweden

T. A. DEAN
Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham

Damage constitutive equations are formulated to model the evolution of grain boundary and plasticity-induced damage for free-cutting steels under hot forming conditions. During high temperature, high strain rate deformation, material degradation has characteristics of both creep damage at grain boundaries, and ductile damage surrounding hard inclusions. This has been experimentally observed and is reported in the companion paper. This paper describes the development of unified viscoplastic-damage constitutive equations, in which the nucleation and growth of both damage types are considered independently. The effects of deformation rate, temperature, and material microstructure on damage evolution are modelled. The proposed damage evolution equations are combined with a viscoplastic constitutive equation set, enabling the evolution of dislocation hardening, recovery, recrystallisation, grain size, and damage to be modelled. This set of unified, mechanism-based, viscoplastic damage constitutive equations is determined from experimental data of a free-machining steel for the temperature range 1173– 1373 K. The fitted model is then used to predict damage and failure features of the same material tested using a set of interrupted constant strain rate tests. Close agreement between the predicted and experimental results is obtained for all the cases studied.
Keywords: creep damage; ductile damage; constitutive equations; hot metal forming; viscoplasticity
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Copyright © Polish Academy of Sciences & Institute of Fundamental Technological Research (IPPT PAN).

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DOI: 10.24423/engtrans.230.2007